Korean names are unique in their structure, typically consisting of a family name followed by a given name. This format, though simple, encapsulates a blend of tradition and individuality.

1. Structure of Korean Names

A standard Korean name is composed of two main elements:

• Family Name (Surname):
  Most family names in Korea are one syllable, such as 김 (Kim), 이 (Lee), and 박 (Park). However, there are also multi-syllable surnames like 남궁 (Namgung) and 선우 (Seonwoo), which are less common but still hold cultural significance.
• Given Name (Personal Name):
  Given names are typically two syllables, such as 민수 (Min-su) or 지영 (Ji-young). However, it is not uncommon to encounter three-syllable given names like 하준서 (Ha Jun-seo) or single-syllable given names like 혁 (Hyuk). These variations allow for personal and familial expression.
• Middle Names are Nonexistent
• It’s important to note that the concept of middle names is not present in Korean naming conventions. The two syllables of the given name are considered a single unit, not separate first and middle names.

2. Components of Given Names

Given names in Korea are carefully chosen to reflect specific meanings:

• First Syllable:
  Often a generational marker, shared among siblings or cousins, symbolizing family unity.
• Second Syllable:
  Typically unique to the individual, reflecting qualities, aspirations, or traits desired by the family.

For example, in the name 지민 (Ji-min), ‘지’ might indicate a generational marker, while ‘민’ expresses individuality.

Note that the composition of the first and second syllables is simply the choice of the person who gives the name, and is not a rule that applies to everyone!

3. Use of Hanja in Names

Korean names frequently incorporate Hanja (Chinese characters), with each character carrying specific meanings. The choice of Hanja is deliberate, aiming to imbue the name with auspicious or meaningful connotations. For instance, the character “준” (Jun) might mean “talented” or “handsome,” depending on the selected Hanja.

4. English Translation and Romanization

Korean names are romanized for international use, and the South Korean government has established standardized rules for this process. The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official system used, ensuring consistency in how names are written in English.

For example:

• 김민수 becomes Kim Min-su.
• 박지영 becomes Park Ji-young.
• 남궁현 becomes Namgung Hyun.

In this system, the family name is written first, followed by the given name. The syllables of the given name are capitalized and often separated by a hyphen, though the hyphen is optional. This approach ensures clarity and uniformity in international settings.

The structure of Korean names showcases a balance of heritage and personal identity. While family names emphasize lineage and tradition, given names offer room for individuality and meaning. With variations in syllable length and standardized Romanization practices, Korean names continue to maintain their distinct identity while adapting to global contexts.